What is amenorrhea?

• A. The absence of menstrual periods
• B. Painful menstruation
• C. The end of menopause
• D. Heavy bleeding during cycle

Answer: (A)

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. It means a person who would normally have periods is not having them for a defined period. It can be normal in certain situations like pregnancy, breastfeeding, or after menopause. When it occurs outside those contexts, it may point to underlying factors such as hormonal imbalances, weight changes, stress, vigorous exercise, or medical conditions (for example thyroid problems or pituitary issues). There are two forms: primary amenorrhea, where periods never begin by a certain age, and secondary amenorrhea, where periods stop for a period of time in someone who previously had them. This is distinct from painful periods (dysmenorrhea), the end of menopause, or heavy bleeding during cycles (menorrhagia).