Which statement correctly lists the uterine cycle phases?

• A. Proliferative, secretory, ischemic, and menstrual phases.
• B. Ovarian phases only.
• C. Only menstrual phase.
• D. Ischemic and luteal phases.

Answer: (A)

The uterine (endometrial) cycle reflects how the lining changes in response to ovarian hormones, progressing through four phases. During the proliferative phase estrogen drives the rebuilding and thickening of the endometrium after menstruation. After ovulation, progesterone from the corpus luteum shifts the lining into the secretory phase, preparing glands and blood vessels to support a potential pregnancy. If pregnancy doesn’t occur, hormone levels fall, leading to the ischemic phase where blood flow to the functional layer decreases and the lining becomes deprioritized. This culminates in the menstrual phase, with shedding of the endometrium. So the full listing of phases is proliferative, secretory, ischemic, and menstrual.